8.3 haha

Vocab: 8.3

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Summary 8.3
The Calvin cycle is a step in photosynthesis. It is called a cycle because the starting material is regenerates each time the process occurs. The inputs of it is CO2, ATP, and NADPH, and the outputs are: G3P, NADP+, and ADP with a P. The overall equation for photosynthesis is:
6 CO2+6H2O -->-->--> C6H12O6+6O2

Concept Check: 8.3
1. What are the inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle?
Inputs: CO2, ATP, NADPH, Output: G3P, NADP+, and ADP with a P.
2. Which stage of photosynthesis uses each reactant from the overall photosynthsis equation? Which stage geneates each product from the overall photosynthesis equation?
Light reaction uses H2O, and Calvin cycle uses CO2. Calvin cycle generates the sugar, and light reaction generates oxygen.
3. Why is the Calvin cycle called a cycle?
Because the starting material is regenerated each time the process occurs.
4. What molecule is the direct product of photosynthesis? How is that molecule then used by plant cells?
Sugars, it is used in the plant's mitochondria to provide energy for the plant.

8.4

Vocab: 8.4

Carbon cycle:

the process by which carbon moves form inorganic to organic compounds and back.

Greenhouse effect:

The property that keeps the world climate warm enough for living things.

Concept Check: 8.4

1. Give an example of carbon moving from an inorganic compound to an organic compound in the carbon cycle. Give an example of carbon moving from an organic to an inorganic compound.
A buffalo eats organic compounds by eating producers, and then releases CO2, which is an inorganic compound, back into the atmosphere
2. How is carbon dioxide important to Earth's climate?

It keeps the Earth's climate warm enough for living things. For instance, if there is no CO2, then no living things would be alive on Earth.
Summary: 8.4
Photosynthesis has a global impact, it is because that photosynthesis releases the organic compounds and therefore creates the carbon cycle. It needs carbon dioxide to work, so in order to make it work, CO2 is needed, which creates greenhouse effect on Earth, and keeps the world warm enough for living things to survive.

8.2

Vocab: 8.2
Wavelengh:
The distance betwenn 2 adjacent waves
Electromagnetic spectrum:
The graph that shows the range of type of electomagnetic energy.
pigment:
Chemical compounds that a substance's colour is due to.
Paper chromatography:
Laboratory technique that can be used to observe the different pigments in a keaf.
Photosystems:
Clusters that chlorophyll and ofthe molecules are arranged in.

Summarize: 8.2
The light reactions convert light energy to chemical energy. Wavelenghs are the distance between 2 adjacent waves and if you put them in a order, then you'll get a electromagnetic spectrum. Pigments make the colour of a substance, and can be seen with the lab experiment known as the paper chromatography. When sunlight comes, clusters of pigments form photosystems to receive the energy, and later used to make ATP and NADPH.

Concept Check: 8.2
1. Explain why a leaf appear green.
Because there is pigments in them.
2. Describe waht happens when a molecule of chlorophylla a absorbs light.
It traps the excited electron,
3.Besides oxygen, what two molecules are produced byt he light reaction.
ATP and NADPH.
4. Where in the chloroplast do the light reaction take place?
Photosystems.

8.1 haha

Vocab: 8.1

Choloplast:
Cellular organelle where photosynthsis takes place.
Chlorophylls:
Chemical compounds that give chloroplasts green color.
Stroma:
Thich fluid that the inner membrane encloses.
Thylakoid:
Disk-shaped sacs in stroma.
Light reactions:
Process that convert the energy in sunlight to chemical energy.
Calvin cycle:
Process that makes suger from the atoms in carbon dioxide plus hydrogen ions and high-energy electrons.

Summerize: 8.1
Photosynthesis used light energy to make food, and it takes place in a chloroplast. Plants are green because of the chlorophylles in chloroplasts. Same as a motpchomdrion, a chloroplast has inner and outer membranes too, and there is fluid in the inner membrane also. But it is not called matrix, it's called stroma. Within the stroma, there are round sacs that someof the steps of photosynthesis take place in, known as thylakoids. These sacs stack themselves together to form a grana. Unlike cellular respiration, photosynthesis "boosts up" the electron to make glucose instread of electron "falling" to produce ATP.
There are two steps in photosynthesis, one is the light reaction and the other is the Calvin cycle. Light reaction's target is to convert energy in sunlight into chemical energy, while the Calvin cycle makes glucose from carbon dioxides with the hydtrogen ions and high-energy electrons carried by NADPH.
Concept Check: 8.1
1. Draw and label a simple diagram of a chloroplast that includes the following structures: outer and inner membranes, stoma, thylakoids.
---------Outer membrane-->-_______________________________
-----------------------------------/----__________________________---\
----------------------------------/----/------------------------------------------\---\
---------------------------------/----/-------<==>------------------------------\---\
--------------------------------/----/--------<==>---------- --<==>------------\-<-\----------Inner membrane
-------------------------------/----/---------<==>-<==>---- <==>-------------\---\
-------------------------------\----\--------/-<==>-<==>----<==>-----<------/---/----------stroma
--------------------------------\----\------/--<==>-<==>----<==>------------/---/
---------------------------------\----\----/---<==>-<==>----<==>-----------/---/
----------------------------------\----\--/------------<==>----<==>----------/---/
-----------------------------------\----\/________<==>_____________/---/
------------------------------------\__/___________________________/
---------------------------------------/
----------------------------------Thylakoid
2. What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products?
The reactants for photosynthesis is Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It's products are glucose and oxygen.
3. Name the two main stages of photosynthesis. How are the two stages related?
The two main stages are: light reaction and Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle requires two inputs supplied by the light reaction.