Chapter 5 review

1. Which of the following is not an organic molecule? c. water
2. Which of the following terms includes all the other terms in this list? b. Carbohydrate
3. Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that dissolves easily in water?
d. organic
4. Cholesterol is an example of what kind of molecule? b. lipid
5. The 20 amino acids vary only in their b. side groups.
6. A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the a. Catalyst
7. An enzyme does which of the following? b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction.
8. Besides satisfying your hunger, why else might you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a race?
I might consume a big bowl of pasta for energy, proteins, minerals, etc for the night before the race.
9. How are glucose, sucrose, and starch related?
They are all polysaccharides.
10.What are steroids? Describe two functions they have in cells.
Steroids are lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings. The two functions are: 1. estrogen. 2. testosterone.
11.. How are polypeptides related to proteins?
polypeptides are the things that make proteins and polypeptides are made out of amino acids.
12. How does denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function?
It affects the protein by making it lose it's normal shape.

14. a. One product of the reaction is represented by a question mark. which molecule is it?
Water molecule.
b. Whit is this kind of reaction called? Explain
It is called a dehydration reaction. de means to remove and hydro means water. so it means the reaction that removes water.
c. If an amino acid were added to this chain, at what two places could it attach?
1. it could attach at the ____H part
____________________________-\
______________________________N
_____________________________/
___________________________H
2. it could ba also attached at the
___________________O
__________________// part.
_________________C
__________________\
__________________-OH

15. a. At which temperature does enzyme A perform best? Enzyme B?
At about 36 degrees is when enzyme A perform best. At about 76 degrees is when enzyme B perform best
b. knowing that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other in thermophilic(heat-loving) bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism.
Enzyme A should be found in humans and enzyme B should be found in thermophilic bacteria.
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40 °C.
It lowers down because it has finished it's reaction and it starts to cool down.